Calcitoninnasal spray Calcitonin is a peptide hormone primarily known for its role in regulating calcium levels in the bloodCalcitonin. It is synthesized and secreted by the parafollicular cells, also called C cells, of the thyroid gland in humans. This hormone plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis, acting as a counterbalance to parathyroid hormone (PTH). Understanding calcitonin's structure, function, and related peptides provides insight into bone metabolism and calcium regulationA peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive ....
Calcitonin is a relatively small peptide hormone, typically consisting of 32 amino acids. Its precise structure can vary slightly depending on the species, with salmon calcitonin, for instance, being a cyclic peptide hormone that is more potent and has a longer duration of action than human calcitoninEffects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on islet .... In humans, the C cells of the thyroid gland are the primary source of calcitonin, releasing it into the bloodstream primarily in response to elevated serum calcium levels. The synthesis and release of calcitonin are tightly regulated, ensuring that calcium levels are maintained within a narrow physiological range.Calcitonin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The principal function of calcitonin is to lower circulating calcium levels in the blood. It achieves this through several mechanisms, most notably by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts.Calcitonin – Knowledge and References Osteoclasts are specialized cells responsible for bone resorption, a process that releases calcium and phosphate from bone tissue into the bloodstream. By suppressing osteoclast activity, calcitonin reduces the rate at which calcium is mobilized from bone, thereby decreasing blood calcium concentrations. This hypocalcemic effect is central to calcitonin's physiological role.
Beyond its action on osteoclasts, calcitonin also influences calcium and phosphate excretion by the kidneys. It can increase the renal excretion of calcium and phosphate, further contributing to the reduction of blood calcium levels.Design of a peptide hormone: synthesis and characterization ... While its role in maintaining normal calcium levels in healthy individuals is considered relatively minor compared to PTH, calcitonin becomes more significant in conditions of hypercalcemia (abnormally high blood calcium).
Calcitonin is part of a broader family of related peptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP is a potent vasodilator peptide and is found in various tissues, including nerve fibers, and plays roles beyond calcium regulation, such as in pain signaling and cardiovascular function. The calcitonin family also includes other peptides like amylin, which is co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells and influences glucose metabolism and gastric emptying.Calcitonin, human These peptides share structural similarities and often signal through common receptors, highlighting a complex interplay of hormonal functions.Calcitonin (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)
Due to its ability to lower calcium levels and inhibit bone resorption, calcitonin has found therapeutic applications. It is used to treat conditions such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, where it can help slow bone loss. Calcitonin is also employed in managing hypercalcemia, particularly when it is severe or life-threatening, and can be used in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone, a condition characterized by abnormal bone remodeling. Calcitonin is administered through various routes, including subcutaneous injection and nasal spray, with salmon calcitonin often preferred for its increased potency.
In summary, calcitonin is a critical peptide hormone produced by the thyroid gland that plays a vital role in calcium homeostasis作者：GR Moe·1983·被引用次数：74—Design of a peptide hormone: synthesis and characterization of a model peptide with calcitonin-like activity | Journal of the American Chemical Society.. Its primary action involves inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts, thereby lowering blood calcium levels.Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Hypertension As a member of a family of related peptides, including CGRP, it participates in a complex network of physiological processes, and its hypocalcemic and anti-resorptive properties have led to its use in treating various bone-related conditionsCalcitonin, salmon.
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